Joseph Paul DiMaggio, born Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio (November 25, 1914 – March 8, 1999), was an American baseball player. A "picture-perfect" player, many rate his 56-game hitting streak (May 15 - July 16, 1941) as the top baseball feat of all time. His older brother Vince and younger brother Dom were also major leaguers: Vince was a National League All-Star; Dom played 11 years for the Boston Red Sox.

Early Life
The 8th of 9 children, he was born in a two-room house in Martinez, California, east of San Francisco, to poor Sicilian immigrants; delivered by a midwife. His mother, Rosalia, named him "Giuseppe" for his father; "Paolo" was in honor of Saint Paul, his father's favorite saint. The family moved to San Francisco, California when Joe was a year old.

Giuseppe was a fisherman, as were generations of DiMaggios before him. It was his dream to have all five of his sons fish the Bay with him. Joe would do anything to get out of cleaning his father's boat, as the smell of dead fish made him sick to his stomach. This earned him Giuseppe's ire, who called him "lazy" and "good for nothing." It was only after he became the sensation of the Pacific Coast League that the old man was finally won over.

Joe was playing semi-pro ball when Vince, with the San Francisco Seals, talked his manager into letting his kid brother fill in at shortstop for the last three games of the 1932 season. Joe, making his debut on October 1, couldn't play shortstop, but he could hit. From May 28 - July 25, 1933, he hit in 61 consecutive games. "Baseball didn't really get into my blood until I knocked off that hitting streak," DiMaggio said. "Getting a daily hit became more important to me than eating, drinking or sleeping."

However, in 1934, his career almost ended. Going to his sister's house for dinner, he tore the ligaments in his left knee when he stepped out of a jitney. The next day, he hit a homer, but had to walk around the bases! The Seals, hoping to sell Joe for as much as $100,000, a staggering sum in the Great Depression, now couldn't give him away; the Chicago Cubs turned down a no-risk tryout. Fortunately, scout Bill Essick pestered the New York Yankees to give the 19 year old another look. After Joe passed a test on his knee, the Yankees bought him on November 21 for $25,000 and 5 players, with the Seals keeping him another year. He batted .398 with 154 RBIs and 34 HRs and led the Seals to the 1935 PCL title.

" The Yankee Clipper"
Touted by sportswriters as Babe Ruth, Ty Cobb and Shoeless Joe Jackson rolled into one, he made his debut on May 3, 1936, batting ahead of Lou Gehrig. The Yankees hadn't been to the World Series since 1932, but, thanks in large part to their sensational rookie, they won the next four. DiMaggio is the only athlete in North American pro sports history to be on four championship teams in his first 4 full seasons. In total, he led the Yankees to 9 titles in 13 years.

On February 7, 1949, DiMaggio became the first baseball player to sign for $100,000 ($70,000 + bonuses). He was still regarded as the game's best player, but injuries got to the point where he couldn't take a step without pain. A sub-par 1951 season and a brutal scouting report by the Brooklyn Dodgers that was turned over to the NL champion New York Giants and leaked to the press lead him to announce his retirement on December 11, 1951. Joe was not elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame until his third try in 1955. He amassed 361 home runs, averaged 118 runs batted in (RBI) annually, compiled a .325 lifetime batting average, and struck out only 369 times. He won two batting crowns and three MVP awards.

He would have had even better statistics had his home park not been Yankee Stadium. As it was "The House That (Babe) Ruth Built," it was designed to accommodate his left-handed power. For right-handed power hitters, it was a nightmare: Mickey Mantle recalled that he and Whitey Ford used to count the blasts DiMaggio hit that would have landed in the stands anywhere else, but, at the Stadium, were long outs. Left-center field went as far back as 457ft, compared to ballparks today where left center rarely reachs 380ft.

DiMaggio was given the nickname Yankee Clipper by broadcaster Arch McDonald.

" Enemy Aliens"
He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces on February 17, 1943, rising to the rank of Sergeant. While fellow superstars Ted Williams and Bob Feller saw action at their request, DiMaggio's popularity was such it was feared that if he was put in harm's way and killed, it would devastate morale. He was stationed at Santa Ana, California, Hawaii, and Atlantic City as a physical education instructor during his 31-month stint and played baseball.

Giuseppe and Rosalia DiMaggio were among the thousands of German, Japanese and Italian immigrants classified as "enemy aliens" after Pearl Harbor was attacked. They had to carry photo ID booklets at all times, weren't allowed to travel more than 5 miles from their home without a permit, and Giuseppe's boat was seized. Rosalia became an American citizen in 1944; Giuseppe in 1945. Ironically, Giuseppe and Rosalia weren't citizens of Italy because their native Isola delle Femmine (a small island 15 km from Palermo) was part of Sicily, and Sicily was not annexed by Italy until 1946.


Marriages
In January 1937, DiMaggio met Dorothy Arnold on the set of Manhattan Merry Go-Round in which he was featured and she was one of its adornments. They married at San Francisco's Church of SS Peter and Paul on November 19, 1939, as 20,000 well-wishers jammed the streets.

Even before their son, Joseph III, was born, the marriage was in trouble. DiMaggio was like most ballplayers: a high-school dropout with limited social skills whose life revolved around the game. While not the "party animal" Babe Ruth was, he had his fun, leaving Dorothy feeling neglected. However, she was an ambitious social-climber who took advantage of her status as the wife of sports' biggest star. DiMaggio biographer Michael Seidel reported that, except on the nights before Lefty Gomez was to pitch, a pregnant Dorothy and Lefty's wife, Broadway star June O'Dea, dragged their husbands from one Manhattan night spot to another. He came to resent how she complained about his off-the-field activities while she spent his money. But, when she threatened to leave him in 1942, the usually unflappable DiMaggio went into a slump, and developed ulcers. After the season, she went to Reno, Nevada to get a divorce. He followed her, and they reconciled. But, after he enlisted in the Army and was sent to Hawaii, she returned to Reno. She divorced him in 1944.

The relationship continued off and on. Dorothy promised Joe she would wait for him to return from 1946 spring training, but married another man while he was away. It was only after he met the love of his life on a blind date in 1952 did he finally get her out of his system for good.

According to her autobiography, Marilyn Monroe did not want to meet DiMaggio, imagining he had bulging muscles and wore pink ties. Both were at different points in their lives: Joe wanted to settle down; Marilyn's career was taking off. They married at San Francisco City Hall on January 14, 1954, the culmination of a courtship that had captivated the nation (he was excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church for bigamy).

The relationship was loving yet complex, marred by his jealousy and her casual infidelity. DiMaggio biographer Richard Ben Cramer asserts it was also violent. One incident allegedly happened after the skirt-blowing scene in The Seven Year Itch was filmed on New York's Lexington Avenue before hundreds of fans; director Billy Wilder recalled "the look of death" on DiMaggio's face as he watched. When she filed for divorce just 274 days after the wedding, Oscar Levant quipped it proved that no man could be a success in two pastimes.

He re-entered her life as her marriage to Arthur Miller was ending. On February 10, 1961, DiMaggio secured Monroe's release from a psychiatric clinic (she was reportedly placed in the ward for the most seriously disturbed). She later joined him in Florida where he was a batting coach at the Yankees' training camp. Their "just friends" claim didn't stop remarriage rumors from flying. Reporters staked out Monroe's Manhattan apartment building. Bob Hope even "dedicated" Best Song nominee The Second Time Around to them at the Academy Awards.

According to biographer Maury Allen, Joe was so alarmed by Marilyn's return to her self-destructive ways, falling-in with people he felt detrimental to her (including Frank Sinatra and his "Rat Pack"), he quit his job with a military post-exchange supplier on August 1, 1962 to return to California to ask her to remarry him. But before he could, she was found dead on August 5, a probable suicide. Devastated, he claimed her body, and arranged her funeral, barring Hollywood's elite. He had a half-dozen red roses delivered 3 times a week to her crypt for the next 20 years. Unlike her other two husbands or other men who knew her intimately (or claimed to), he never talked about her publicly nor wrote a book. He never married again.

Death
After DiMaggio, who underwent lung cancer surgery on October 14, 1998, fell into an 18-hour coma on December 11, his lawyer, Morris Engelberg, was forced to admit that the positive reports he had been feeding to the press were greatly exaggerated. He claimed Joe made him promise not to tell even his family about his condition. Joe was finally taken to his home in the Bar Harbour section of Hollywood, Florida on January 19, 1999. Days later, NBC broadcast a premature obituary; Engelberg claimed he and DiMaggio had been watching TV and saw it. His last words, according to Engelberg, were "I'll finally get to see Marilyn." (Famous last words) However, the day after DiMaggio's death, a hospice worker who cared for him gave a radically different version of events to The New York Post.

He is interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California. In his eulogy, Dom DiMaggio declared that his brother had everything "except the right woman to share his life with," a remark seeming to confirm the family's disapproval of Monroe. Cramer told the New York Times that Dom cooperated with him on his controversial biography, and got other family members to do likewise.

The equally-controversial Engelberg offered dozens of signed bats on Shop At Home for $3,000 each weeks before DiMaggio died. In April 1999, he sued the City of San Francisco to stop its plan to name the North Beach park, where Joe learned to play baseball, after him. That June, he sold hundreds of items to a collectibles dealer, including baseballs DiMaggio signed on his deathbed, and offered Joe's personal effects at a Sotheby's auction. In 2003, Engelberg broke attorney-client privilege, and published his own book on DiMaggio as a rebuttal to Cramer.

Oddly, both books contain inaccuracies, salacious gossip, unsubstantiated claims and rely on the same discredited sources. Both state Joe thought Marilyn was murdered due to her involvement with the Kennedy Family; Cramer even claims the coroner who perfomed her autopsy "took a dive." And, both Cramer and Engelberg draw the same conclusion: DiMaggio was a greedy humbug convinced everyone was out to take advantage of him.


Legacy
DiMaggio was used by artists as a touchstone in popular culture, not only during his career, but decades later. He is mentioned in the South Pacific song "Bloody Mary." "Joltin' Joe DiMaggio" was recorded during his hitting streak by Les Brown. In Raymond Chandler's Farewell, My Lovely, Philip Marlowe follows the streak, which Chandler uses as a metaphor for good in Marlowe's debased world. A generation later, Simon and Garfunkel used him in that same vein in "Mrs. Robinson". The literal-minded DiMaggio was reportedly not fond of the lyric "Where have you gone, Joe DiMaggio? Our nation turns its lonely eyes to you" as he was very much alive and well.

Woody Guthrie wrote a song about DiMaggio's stunning performance in a crucial series against the Boston Red Sox in June 1949, when surgery for bone spurs in his right heel had kept him out of the Yankees' first 65 games and threatened his career. It is during this period Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea is set, the worshipful Santiago drawing courage from his hero's ordeal. He "appears" in a episode of Seinfeld, where Kramer tries to convince the gang that he saw him at Dinky Donuts. He is even referenced in the Porky Pig/Daffy Duck cartoon Boobs in the Woods.

He turned down large sums of money to appear in movies, but did appear in the original "Angels in the Outfield" (1951) and a scene in "The First of May" (filmed in 1997). According to its director, DiMaggio refused to accept payment, as its subject, foster children, was dear to his heart, but Screen Actors Guild rules mandated he take the minimum $250 per day fee.

He was admired by his peers as a consummate professional, refusing to rest on his talent, working constantly to improve, and playing in spite of tremendous pain and injuries. On July 21, 1969, DiMaggio was named the greatest living player at a gala celebrating baseball's 100th anniversary.

No doubt, his place in American culture would have been different had he not become involved with Monroe, and had she not died young and under tragic circumstances. His refusal to "cash in" on their union enhanced his standing with the public.

On September 19, 1992, the Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital opened, for which he raised over $4,000,000. Elián González was taken there after he was rescued off the coast of Miami on what would have been DiMaggio's 85th birthday.

Yankee Stadium's fifth monument was dedicated to DiMaggio on April 25, 1999. The Yankees wore 5's (DiMaggio's uniform number) on their uniforms for the entire 1999 season.